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KMID : 0377619720220050573
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Korean Jungang Medical Journal
1972 Volume.22 No. 5 p.573 ~ p.592
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The Environmental Pollution by Use of Pesticides and its Control (Part Ⅰ)
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Abstract
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For the estimation of residual toxic heavy metals and pesticides in environment such as mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, DDT, g-BHC, and aldrin rice, fruits, cabbage, soil and irrigation water were analyzed, and the survey on annual consumption of pesticides was made from August 1, 1971 to February 29, 1972.
The specimens subjected in this study were collected directly from five cultivated areas with the survey of pesticides which had been applied to the areas of previous time.
Mercury, lead and cadmium by the dithizon method; arsenic by Gutzeit-silver diethyl dithiocarbamate method; and chlorinated hydrocarbones by the gas chromatographic method were analyzed in this study.
In the survey on annual consumption of pesticides in whole country, the statistical data published by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, each
Provincial Government and the Pesticides Industry Association were referred to. The results of the survey are as follows:
1. The types of agricultural pesticides applied in Korea were increased from. 59 kinds ;in 1965 to 175 kinds in 1970. However, the types of insecticides were reduced in this period by Government to prevent excess use or misuse
in farm areas.
2. Total amount of pesticides supplied to f arm areas were markedly increased from 12,800 tons in 1965 to 26,145 tons in 1970.
3. Among the chlorinated hydrocarbons used mostly in this period as insecticides were Heptachlor and r-BHC preparations, and r-BHC was increased to 105 tons in 1970 which is about four times that of 1965.
Among chlorinated hydrocarbon herbicides used in 1970 "Pamcon" was used in 80% of the cases.
4. Application of mercuric compounds was markedly decreased from 90 tons in 1965 to 44 tons in 1970 and the supply of arsenic compounds was increased from 8 tons in 1965 to 18 tons in 1970.
5. Total annual amount of pesticides applied was rapidly increased from 0. 65kg units in 1965 to 1. 12kg/ha units in 1970.
6. The correlation between the amount of the pesticides practically applied in, the farming area during the year and the residual heavy metals or pesticides analyzed in food, soil and water were not observed.
This suggests that the history of pesticide application in the fields is seen in the survey results.
7. Having used -as a guideline the criteria: of foreign countries in our survey,. the level of residual heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in food, soil and water in these result were not reached to it.
However, particular evaluation of the residual pesticides should be made on the food consumption in this country.
8. Distribution of heavy metals:
a. Average content of Hg in the rice, soil and irrigation water:
Rice Soil Irrigation water
Sample Area
n PPM n PPM n PPM
Domestic Kimpo-Gun, 3 0.012 2 ND(*5)
Kyunggi-Do (0.035 N D) *
Yichon-Gun, 11 U 0.351(2)
honGun 10 0.103 11 M 0.507(**3) 1 10 0.007
(0.350.103) 11 D 0. 337(.4) i (ND in 5
AV. 0.399 samples)-
Wanchu,-Gun 5 U 0. 118(*2)
Chollabuk-Do 5 0.163 5 M 0.141(*3) , 5 0.038 (0.275-´ND) 5. D 0.105(*4) 1
AV. 0.123
Average 20 0.093 l 48 0.123 ( ,
Imported Japan 10 ~(0.96Ma0.126
)(*1)I I
b. Average content of Cd in the rice and soil:
Rice Soil
Sample Area
n ppm n ppm Domestic I Kimpo, Kyunggi-Do 3 0.035 1
(0.045`0.020)1 11 U 0.000130.0025 in 3 spec.. Yichon, Kyunggi-Do 10 0.001 11 MO. 00013 in 1 sample
(0.006-ND) 11 D 0.00025 in 1 sample
5 U 0.001-0.002 in 2 samples
Wanchu, Chollapuk-Do 5 0.002 5 MO. 001-x0.002 in 2 samples
(0.0030.001) 5 D 0.00070.002 in 2 samplesAverage 0.013
Imported Japan 10´ 0.067 (0.01---0.1)
c. Average content of As and Pb
Sample Area ! n As(ppm) Pb(ppm)
Peach Shiheung-Gun, Kyunggi-Do 4 0.331 0.096
Grape Buchun-Gun, Kyunggi-Do 3 0.056 0.005
Cabbage Kimpo-Gun, Kyunggi-Do 5 0.121 0.006
Yichun-Gun, Kyunggi-Do 10 0.073 0.004 9. Distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in food and water.
Sample Area n J r-BHC (ppm) i Aldrin (ppm) j DDT (ppm)
Kimpo-Gun, 0.041 0.005 0.036
Cabbage Kyunggi-Do 5 (0. 0036-0. 1372) (0.0009-0.0070) (0.0063-0.0733)
Yichon-Gun, 7 0.049 ND 0.016
Kyunggi-Do (0.003-0.3878) (0.0032-0.0353),
Peach -´: Buchun-Gun, 2 0.017 ND 0.018
Kyunggi-Do (0.0158-0.0184) (0.0113-0.0238)
Grape Shihung-Gun, 3 0.014 ND 0.027
Kyunggi-Do (0.0116-0.0158) (0.0201-0.0361)
Mudfish Kimpo-Gun, 3 0.390 ND 1.463
Kyunggi-Do (0.2943-0.235) (0.4101-2.7186)
Kimpo-Gun, 3 0.007 ND 0.020
Irrigation Kyunggi-Do (0.0045-0.0092) (0.0127-0.0311)
water Yichon-Gun, 10 0.004 ND 0.005
Kyunggi-Do (Trace-0.0117) (0.0029-0.0419)
10. The above results of survey, the level content of heavy metals and other
chlorinated hydrocarbons in food, soil and water were not considered to be
able to induce any chronic hazardous effects to the consummer with the:
exception of mercury.
Mercury in rice imported from Japan and that rice cultivated in Yichun-Gun, Kyunggi-Do were significantly high in content.
11. It is recommended that new types of pesticides should be seriously evaluated in advance by testing at successive periods of time in several types of soil and cultivated plants before it is adopted, since the, pesticidesare liable to accumulate and contaminate the soil, waters and foods.
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